一、人称代词
用法：人称代词的主格作主语，宾语作宾语或表语。例如：
I like English.(主语)
Who is it? It’s me.(表语)
人称代词在句中作表语时常用宾语。如跟有who或that引导的从句，则常用主格，如：It’s I who did it.
而人称代词单独使用时，一般不用主格而用宾格。如：
—I’d like to go back in here. 我想回到这里来。
—Me too. 我也想。
注意：在作比较时than与as之后的代名词用主格还是宾格，要看具体情况而定：
1.than/as前面的句子的谓语动词是不及物动词时，则than/as后面的代名词则用主格，如I’m taller than he.
实际上than后面应是个句子，由于与前面的句子有相同之处，为了避免重复则相同部分被省略，其句子应为I am. 又如：
I run faster than she.
You run as fast as I.
2.than/as之前的句子中谓语动词是及物动词时，其后的代名词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格，如：He likes Mary better than I.
= He likes Mary better than I like Mary.
He likes Mary better than me.= He likes Mary better than he likes me.
用不定式作补足语时，to be后面的代名词与前面所指代名词同格;如：
I was taken to be she. 我被误当作她了。
They took me to be her. 他们误以为我是她。
人物代词用于as和than之后，若as和than用作介词，也可用宾格。如：He is stronger than me.
注意：人称代名词的排列顺序要看单复数而定：
1.单数时：按2,3,1或3,2,1排列：You, he and I are of the same age.
2.复数时：按1,2,3排列：We, you and they are all good students.
3.第三人称男女两性并用时男先女后：Nobody does not agree to this plan except him and her. 除了她和她之外，没有人不同意这个计划.
4.一群人中，有男女时则先称呼女性：Ladies and gentlemen
5.表示不吉祥之事时：
单数人称时：1,3,2排列：I, he and you will be punished for being late.
复数时按3,2,1，人称排列：They, you and we should leave there at on
二、反身代词
1.反身代词可用作宾语、表语和同位语。例如：
Hs is old enough to look after himself.(宾语)
They themselves did that.(同位语)
The poor boy was himself.(表语)
注意：及物动词+on
2.加强语气的用法
I myself wrote the report.
She looked at herself in the mirror.
3.on
This is my own book… 强调语气
I want to be my own master. 我想作自己的主人
The moon has no light of its own.
Have you any money of your own?
三、疑问代词的用法比较
1.which和what的区别
两者均可就人或物提问，但which一般用于有选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或不清楚选择范围的情况，如：
Which would you like to eat — meat or fish?
What girls do you like best?
2.who和whom的区别
who通常用作主语和表语，whom作宾语。但在口语中，该用“whom”的地方常用“who”代替，前面有介词的例外。如：
Who did you mean?
3.who与what的区别
who多指姓名、关系等，what多指职业、地位等。如：
—Who is he?
—He is Tom Black.
—What is he?
—He is an engineer.
4.who与which的区别
Who come from the Northeast?谁是东北人？(对人数未加限制)
Which of you come from the Northeast? 你们当中哪些人是东北人？(对人数有限制)
四、指示代词
指示代词有this, that, these, those, it ,such, same等。
1.this, that ,these, those的用法
(1)在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语.例如：
This is my pen.(主语)
Do you want this?(宾语)
That book is mine.(宾语)
What I want is this.(表语)
(2)this(these)一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；而that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物.例如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil.
These days we are very busy.
(3)this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物；而that(those)常指前面讲过的事物.例如：
What he told me is this: he wanted to go to Beijing.
He didn’t come. That is why he didn’t know.
2.such的用法
(1)such可作代词，代前面提到的人或物，如：
I am a gentleman, and will be treated as such.
(2)such作主语时，表示前文提到的事：
I may hurt her, but such was not my intention.
3.such可作形容词，可接任何名词，不分单数复数，如：
I can’t agree to such terms.
注意：①such应放于a(an)前，但置于some, any, no, very, all, many, few之后，如：
I want such a man. 我需要这样一个人.
I want some such men.
There is no such man that I know of.
②在修饰名数名词单数时，such与so的位置不同
It is such a beautiful day!
It is so beautiful a day!
4.such…that与such…as之区别
such…that…中that引导的是状语从句，其that仅是连接词，在从句中没有他的位置，such…as中as引导的是定语从句，as在从句中有语法作用。如：
He was such a nice boy that everyone loves him.
He was such a nice boy as everyone loves.
五、It的用法
on
it=the (that, this…)+名词. 即it是取代前面提到的特定事物.it是特指，如：
I drank some iced tea, but it made me more thirsty.
on
I want a watch, but have no money to buy on
that= the+名词, 即that所代表的名词和前面所提到的名词属于一类，但非同一个.
The voice of a woman is sweeter than that (=the voice) of a man.
1.作形式主语
It is not a good habit to stay up late.
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is a pity that you didn’t read the book.
2.作形式宾语
I think it no use arguing with him.
I found it very interesting to study English.
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
3.用于强调结构
这种句子的结构是“It is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分”。如果强调的部分是人，可用who，whom代替that.如：
It is Prof. Lin who teaches us English.
It was in Shanghai that I saw the film.
六、不定代词
1.on
on
On
This film is not as good as the on
I have some books.
Have you any books? I don’t have any books.
2.each, every的用法
(1)each可用作代词、形容词、副词，强调个别，可以充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语。every强调整体，相当于汉语的“每个都”，在句中只作定语。如：
Each boy has a book.(定语)
Every person has strong and weak points.(定语)
(2)each所代表的数可以是两个以上，而every所指的数必须是三个以上.
Each of the boy has won a prize.
Every student in the class likes English.
every other每隔一个
I go to the doctor’s every other day.
3.other和another的用法
other泛指“另外的”，作定语，常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, none, on
other boys, the other on
others是other的复数形式，泛指“别的人或物”(=other people)(但不是全部).vk :
Some are carrying water, while others are watering the trees.
the other指“两者中的另一个”，常与on
He held a bowl in on
the others是the other的复数形式，特指“全部其余的人或物”(=the rest).如：
I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, and the others are blue.
another指三个或三个以上中的“任何一个”，“再一……”，“另一个”；作代词或形容词。如:
I have finished this novel. Please give me another.
on
Here are two books. On
On
4.all和both的用法
这两个词都表示整体，但both指两个人或物，而all指三个或三个以上的人或物；在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。如：
All of us should work hard.(主语)
We are all students.(同位语)
We both like to go.(同位语)
We like both of the books.(宾语)
That’s all for today.(表语)
All knowledge comes from practice.(定语)
both和all加否定是部分否定，如果要表示全部否定，分别用neither和none.如：
Both of us are not teachers.我们俩不都是老师(部分否定)
Neither of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是老师(全部否定)
All of the books are not English books.
None of the books are English books.
5.neither和either的用法
either作代名词表示“两者中任一个”，either作副词时译为“也”，用于否定句。
either指两者中的任一个,如：
“Which do you prefer, coffee or milk?”
“Either will do.”
either表示两者中每一个都，如：
There are trees on either side of the river.
either作副词译为“也”，只能用于否定句，且须置于句尾，如：
I don’t like tea, and he doesn’t either.
either…or对等连词,译为“不是…就是…”,其谓语动词单、复数形式遵循就近原则.
Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai on business.
neither表示两者中没有一个，如：
Neither of her parents is alive.
neither…nor成对等连词,译为“既不…也不”。其谓语动词,也与相近的名词呼应,
Neither you nor your brother is in fault.你和你兄弟都没过失.
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